{"id":18029,"date":"2020-12-03T17:30:31","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T16:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.muegge.de\/atmospheric-microwave-plasma-technology-high-temperature-and-power-to-x-applications\/"},"modified":"2020-12-07T12:08:54","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T11:08:54","slug":"atmospheric-microwave-plasma-technology-high-temperature-and-power-to-x-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/us\/atmospheric-microwave-plasma-technology-high-temperature-and-power-to-x-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"Atmospheric Microwave Plasma Technology \u2013 High Temperature and Power-to-X Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"18029\" class=\"elementor elementor-18029 elementor-17963\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0f8acb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0f8acb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ead9d0b\" data-id=\"ead9d0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fce7403 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fce7403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p>MUEGGE\u2019s microwave plasma torches are microwave excited plasma sources designed to work at atmospheric pressure and to generate a contact-free plasma while ensuring stable operation for a wide parameter range of gas-types, gas flow and microwave power at 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz. MUEGGE&#8217;s microwave plasma torches are well suited for both the synthesis of special gases and for assisting chemical reactions with highly reactive gas species. This is the key for many Power-to-X applications such as Power-to-Gas and Power-to-Chemicals.<\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8052f9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8052f9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e70ed6\" data-id=\"3e70ed6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a35ca3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a35ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.base\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"h5\">What you can expect<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f47ca7c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f47ca7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">\u00a0 Atmospheric Plasma?<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">\u00a0 Wide range of services for all application areas<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">\u00a0 Power-to-X applications in industry and research<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">\u00a0 The electric gas burner &#8211; &gt; 1400\u00b0C without chemical fuels<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">\u00a0 Conclusions<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bc1064 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bc1064\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-84dba0f\" data-id=\"84dba0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f98df4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f98df4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Atmospheric Plasma?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e03bbef elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e03bbef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In physics, a technical plasma is described as the 4th aggregate state of matter and it consists of ions and electrons as well as other excited gas species and highly reactive charge carriers. Since in almost complete local thermal equilibrium with a high degree of ionization, the atmospheric microwave plasma is a special form of a technical plasma. In contrast to other plasma systems, microwave plasma is generated in non-contact cavity resonators and does not cause burn-off of energy-carrying electrodes or media contamination due to contact between plasma and hot gas-carrying components. The plasma torches have been measured to achieve gas temperatures of up to 3500 K, temperature determined by optical emission spectroscopy.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3316b2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3316b2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fc84fa\" data-id=\"2fc84fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba336e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ba336e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Wide range of services for all application areas<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ee973b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ee973b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The new generation of MUEGGE\u2019s microwave powerheads enables the built of compact plasma sources at atmospheric pressure used for both surface and volume treatment. The Atmospheric Plasma Source (APS) can operate at microwave frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz. Figure 1 shows two Muegge microwave plasma torches running at 2.45 GHz, 6 kW (left) and 3 kW (right). Microwaves are fed into the plasma source as to create a very high electromagnetic field concentration in the middle of the microwave cavity. In this region, the plasma is ignited and sustained. Several kilowatts of microwave power can be absorbed by the plasma, as such leading to gas temperatures up to 3500 K.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1f6caa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1f6caa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6626ccb\" data-id=\"6626ccb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22534bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"22534bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"72\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-1-links-72x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-17969\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-1-links-72x300.jpg 72w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-1-links.jpg 131w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 72px) 100vw, 72px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-136159a\" data-id=\"136159a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6fe742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a6fe742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"448\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-1-rechts.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17974\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-1-rechts.jpg 448w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-1-rechts-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 1: 2.45 GHz microwave plasma torches running at 6 kW (left) and 3 kW (right)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8ada70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8ada70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d1c594\" data-id=\"4d1c594\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7412 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c7412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/en\/product-category\/plasma-components\/?fwp_art=atmospheric-plasma-source\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The APS systems are available up to 6 kW at 2.45 GHz and up to 75 kW at 915 MHz.<\/a> <\/span><\/span>Processes are easy to scale from a 2.45 GHz lab-system for development to an industrial 915 MHz high-volume system. Footprints of two different systems are shown in figure 2.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc47656 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc47656\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7360840\" data-id=\"7360840\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb1970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2fb1970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Figure-2-qidzlzafzos1ttvi76ww5njqdewkosi67g43k0hbmc.jpg\" title=\"Figure 2\" alt=\"Figure 2\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 2: 2.45 Scalability from a 2.45 GHz to 915 MHz<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f05d576 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f05d576\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5afe4da\" data-id=\"5afe4da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d466b8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d466b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>While APS systems operate without an isolation between the process area and the surrounding, the downstream source separates the process gases from the environment. Such a system is designed to cover the pressure regime between 10-500 mbar and operates up to 75 kW (figure 3). These unique properties make it a primary choice for the treatment of huge gas flows.<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb5ace6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb5ace6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db7db2\" data-id=\"9db7db2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2fa1d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c2fa1d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Figure-3-qidzlzadjz8bj08m1ijgzpj12fdpx213mtxfb4kus2.jpg\" title=\"Figure 3\" alt=\"Figure 3\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 3: 915 MHz microwave plasma downstream source running at 60 kW<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aef1dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aef1dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9776d17\" data-id=\"9776d17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5bb70f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5bb70f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><br>3. Power-to-X applications in industry and research<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9f343b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9f343b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During periods of high output, electrical energy production from renewable energy sources,e.g., sun, wind, water, can easily exceed demand and as such, the surplus usually gets wasted. To maintain a stable public mains electricity supply, surplus energy from renewable sources has to be stored, which at present is a big challenge, probably the biggest challenge of the energy transition. Power-to-X is a general term summarizing all technologies for the conversion of surplus energy from renewable sources into storable matter. Power-to-X has two big advantages over other technologies:<\/p><ul><li>Storable matter can be converted back to energy anytime and is easily transportable using existing infrastructure;<\/li><li>It serves as basic material to produce for example, more complex molecules for the chemical industry or CO2-neutral synthetic fuels to replace fossil fuels.<\/li><\/ul><p>Figure 4 shows some examples of Power-to-X applications based on microwave plasma technology.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4668ac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4668ac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15249d8\" data-id=\"15249d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a75972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a75972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"530\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-4-links.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17989\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-4-links.jpg 530w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-4-links-300x251.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06af3aa\" data-id=\"06af3aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-183dc5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"183dc5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Figure-4-rechts-1-qidzlzacy1udyatw03g4780uqoi084etzodr8wlots.jpg\" title=\"Figure 4 rechts\" alt=\"Figure 4 rechts\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 4: Some examples of Power-to-X applications based on microwave plasma technology (left) and standard 6 kW, 2.45 GHz APS (right)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd8a5d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd8a5d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f1e17f3\" data-id=\"f1e17f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c4b7f7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c4b7f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\"> Storage of surplus electrical energy from renewable sources is a crucial factor for maintaining the stability of the public mains electricity supply. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) conversion is a promising approach for storing surplus renewable energy. The concept of CO<sub>2<\/sub> conversion is based on the dissociation of CO<sub>2<\/sub> into oxygen radicals (O) and carbon monoxide radicals (CO) in an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma process, see Figure 5. <\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">Carbon monoxide (CO) is an industrial gas, which is widely used in industrial chemical manufacturing. CO can be converted into base chemicals and chemical energy carriers such as methanol or methane using existing infrastructures via conventional chemical processes.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-426f2f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"426f2f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73bf3ee\" data-id=\"73bf3ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8a8253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a8a8253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-5-768x222.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-17999\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-5-768x222.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-5-600x174.jpg 600w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-5-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-5-1024x296.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-5.jpg 1317w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 5: Schematic of CO<sub>2<\/sub> conversion for Power-to-Chemicals applications.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57ada0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57ada0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf8e9e7\" data-id=\"bf8e9e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0dbbc9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0dbbc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">CO<sub>2<\/sub> conversion can be efficiently performed with a high-power microwave plasma torch using excess electrical energy from renewable sources. After the separation of the oxygen from the gas mixture, the remaining CO can be converted into syngas or into higher hydrocarbons. Hence, a zero-emission carbon cycle can be established.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">This is shown in Figure 6 using a perovskite membrane.<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-146856b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"146856b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-618fc21\" data-id=\"618fc21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e0124 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"52e0124\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-6-768x373.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-18004\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-6-768x373.jpg 768w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-6-600x291.jpg 600w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-6-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-6-1024x497.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-6.jpg 1223w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 6: Laboratory setup for CO<sub>2<\/sub> conversion using an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch and the subsequent separation of obtained CO using a perovskite membrane   <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6759073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6759073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b064396\" data-id=\"b064396\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ca6f37 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ca6f37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">In university research, the microwave plasma torches are not only used for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) conversion but also for the analysis and the optimization of high temperature combustion processes (projects funded by EU).<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">As shown in Figure 7, the microwave plasma torch can achieve an unrivalled flexibility for the supply of inert hot gases due to a very fast starting behaviour and a thermal application range exceeding by far any conventional heat exchanger.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"line-height: 150%; text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e63c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e63c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c36cdd0\" data-id=\"c36cdd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b74d49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b74d49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18009\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-7.jpg 522w, https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Figure-7-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 7: Hot combustion tests with 915 MHz plasma torch for engine and fuel research at TU Darmstadt <br> <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d109cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d109cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ec520\" data-id=\"23ec520\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac8f254 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac8f254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. The electric gas burner - &gt; 1400\u00b0C without chemical fuels  <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3176737 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3176737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Another interesting application of the microwave plasma torch is the supply of hot gases. Dedicated plasma systems are available for different pressure ranges and for a large variety of applications, including surface-activation, oxidation-free processing of raw materials under inert gases, and CVD processes for growing synthetic crystals, i.e. carbon deposition.<br \/>The 915 MHz microwave plasma torch shown in Figure 8 operating between 20 kW and 75 kW can achieve a gas outlet temperature above 1400 \u00b0C at gas flows above 120 m\u00b3\/h.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-999b300 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"999b300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Figure-8-qidzlzaeru06of224cq6kojdpx55ax9mx50rfkj2jg.jpg\" title=\"Figure 8\" alt=\"Figure 8\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><br> Figure 8: Flame of the 915 MHz plasma torch at 60 kW microwave power<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fcaa6f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fcaa6f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12cecd6\" data-id=\"12cecd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bf4d54 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bf4d54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The high efficiency and versatility of the 915 MHz plasma torches allows the direct replacement of traditional gas or liquid fuel burners in existing furnace systems, especially for low load modulation furnaces. Moving from conventional energy sources to electrically driven microwave or plasma heating, customers can dramatically lower their cost of ownership (CoO) and cut down the expenses related to process CO<sub>2<\/sub> footprint according to the requirements of our future industrial environment.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e757bf5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e757bf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b708d7\" data-id=\"6b708d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c294f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c294f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Conclusions<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3182eb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3182eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Due to its wide and versatile utilization range, MUEGGE\u2019s latest generation of atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torches enables a wide range of industrial and research processes. The burner technology offers highly efficient and economic applications for:<\/p><ul><li>Production of synthesis gas;<\/li><li>Cracking of hydrocarbons in reforming processes;<\/li><li>Heating of inert gases;<\/li><li>Usage as CO<sub>2<\/sub>-neutral gas burner.<\/li><\/ul><p>The contactless plasma generation within a resonator structure is the key property of these microwave energy driven high temperature applications. At the same time, microwave plasma systems offer the best alternative to build decentralized supply networks with CO<sub>2<\/sub>-neutral hydrogen-based fuel gases for energy storage or for direct and location-independent use. <br \/>Power-to-X technologies based on microwave heating and microwave plasma processes are innovative solutions to convert electrical energy from renewable sources into material resources such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and synthetic gases for storage and recycling, e.g., conversion of electrical energy into gaseous or liquid fuels or chemicals for long-haul trucking, shipping and aviation.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ade659 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ade659\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-034a5a5\" data-id=\"034a5a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7d614e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d7d614e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.base\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/en\/meet-muegge\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary-line\" role=\"button\">\n                        <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t            <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Meet Muegge<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MUEGGE\u2019s microwave plasma torches are microwave excited plasma sources designed to work at atmospheric pressure and to generate a contact-free plasma while ensuring stable operation for a wide parameter range of gas-types, gas flow and microwave power at 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz. MUEGGE&#8217;s microwave plasma torches are well suited for both the synthesis of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5346],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-power-to-x-applications-en-us"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Atmospheric Microwave Plasma Technology \u2013 High Temperature and Power-to-X Applications - Muegge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/muegge-group.com\/us\/atmospheric-microwave-plasma-technology-high-temperature-and-power-to-x-applications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Atmospheric Microwave Plasma Technology \u2013 High Temperature and Power-to-X Applications - Muegge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MUEGGE\u2019s microwave plasma torches are microwave excited plasma sources designed to work at atmospheric pressure and to generate a contact-free plasma while ensuring stable operation for a wide parameter range of gas-types, gas flow and microwave power at 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz. 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